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NON-VISUAL EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN LED LIGHTING SYSTEMS DESIGNING: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INTEGRATED LIGHTING PROBLEM

NON-VISUAL EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN LED LIGHTING SYSTEMS DESIGNING: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INTEGRATED LIGHTING PROBLEM

ISSN 2223-6775 Український журнал з проблем медицини праці Том.20, №3, 2024

https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2024.03.214

NON-VISUAL EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN LED LIGHTING SYSTEMS DESIGNING: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INTEGRATED LIGHTING PROBLEM

Kozhushko H.M.1) , Sakhno T.V.2), Nazarenko V.I.3)

1) Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University, Poltava

2) Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava

3) State Institution "Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv

Full article (PDF): ENG

Introduction. In addition to ensuring the human visual function, visible light has non-visual biological and psychological effects. The non-visual effects of light affect a human's health, well-being, activity and sleep. Comfortable lighting that harmoniously combines both visual and non-visual effects and creates physiological and psychological benefits for people is defined as "integrated lighting". Modern standards for artificial lighting focus only on visual effects, visual comfort and energy efficiency and do not refer to the non-visual impact of light on humans. Recently, a number of national and industry standards have been developed, as well as expert proposals, which provide recommendations regarding the regulation of parameters of integrated lighting systems, but these documents have not been agreed upon in accordance with an accredited standards development process.

Research methods and materials. An analytical review of scientific publications over the past 30 years was performed using the databases EuroPub (Great Britain), Science Direct - Scopus - Web of Science - Core - Google Scholar "Google Academies", Hinari Access to Research for Health, National Library of Medicine, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi, БУДСТАНДАРТ Online, as well as scientific publications taken from open sources.

Results of the research and their discussion. The purpose of integrated lighting is to provide optimal illuminance according to human needs, taking into account the visual and non-visual effects of light by adjusting its intensity and color in different periods of the day. Current international standards regarding interior lighting are based only on visual characteristics, measures to ensure visual comfort and energy efficiency. Currently, there are no international standards setting requirements for integrated lighting. None of the international standardization bodies, including CIE and IES, have yet approved the proposed integrated lighting parameters and metrics for evaluating the circadian efficiency of artificial light sources. There are two main approaches to quantifying the circadian efficiency of lighting:

- metric of equivalent melanopic lux, based on the melanopic light response of photoreceptors (ipRGC) with a maximum at 490 nm;

- the circadian stimulus (CS) metric is developed based on the spectral sensitivity of all photoreceptors based on circadian phototransduction studies. A circadian stimulus quantifies the circadian efficacy of light measured as suppression of melatonin secretion after 1 h of nocturnal illumination.

The main methods of increasing the circadian efficiency of lighting systems are increasing the level of vertical illumination and increasing the share of short-wavelength light in the source spectrum.

Conclusions. Daylight is the most effective for stimulating the circadian system and reduces the use of electrical energy for artificial lighting, so increasing the use of daylight is an important direction for improving the efficiency of integrated lighting. When designing integrated lighting, such factors as a person's age, health, work mode, diet, sleep, and others should be taken into account. On the basis of the conducted analysis, for the application of integrated lighting in Ukraine, it is recommended to make changes to the DBN for internal lighting of workplaces and living spaces only for daytime activity of people. The level of vertical illumination is recommended to be set in accordance with the recommendations of the WELL building standard regarding the design of circadian lighting.

Key words: light, photoreceptors, non-visual effects, melanopic equivalent of daylight, led lighting systems, integrated lighting

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